Detection of microrna levels in mononuclear cells from patients with pulmoner tuberculosis in Çukurova Region

Tuberculosis (TB) is one of the oldest diseases known to the mankind; remains a major cause of mortality worldwide. The World Health Organization (WHO) estimates that more than 8.7 million new cases of active TB occur annually and the estimated global annual mortality from TB is close to 2 million people. Tuberculosis is a multi-systemic disease, and involment of lungs and plevra is seen in majority of patients. However, only 5–10% infected people develop active tuberculosis in their lifetime. Although the exact reasons of active tuberculosis, chronic infection, reactivation and asymptomatic carriage are not well understood, believed that host immune mechanisms have crucial role in devoloping active tuberculosis. During the last few years there has been an increased interest in studying the role of miRNAs in the immune system. Studies conducted by many groups have demonstrated that miRNAs are important in both adaptive and innate immunity, by influencing the differentiation of various immune cell subsets as well as their immunological functions. miRNAs are also involved in a wide variety of important diseases such as cancer and infections especially M. tuberculosis and H. pylori. In this study 50 patients with microbiogically proven tubeculosis who did not receive antituberculosis therapy and 30 healthy volunteers were enrolled. miRNA's of mononucleer cells and plasma isolated from the clinical materials which will be send to Tropical Disease Center Region Tuberculosis Laboratory and miR146a, miR424, miR365, miR223, miR144, miR421 evaluated by high capacity Real-Time PCR divice. When stratified into the patient and control group showed a statistically significant association with expressions of the miRNA146a in mononucleer celles and plasmas miRNA144 and miRNA424 were present. (p<0.005) In conclusion; miRNA levels differentiations in active tuberculosis patients mononuclear cells evaluated and uses of miRNA's examinated for diagnosis, observations and also host spesific direct immunotherapy.