Approaches to the Qur'anic stories in Turkish works of the Republican Period

The subject of our thesis is Approaches to the Qur'anic Stories in Turkish Works of the Republican Period. This term, called "Kısasu'l-Qur'an" in the science of tafsir, contains the information about the past prophets and communities in the Qur'an, which has an important place among the main topics of the Qur'an. In this study, the approaches towards the historical reality of the stories will be discussed in line with the interpretations of the relevant verses. In the thesis, not all the stories of the Qur'an, but only Hz. The story of Adam, the story of Habil and Kabil, the army of Talut and Câlut, the story of Baccarat, Hz. Nuh, Ashab-i Kahf, Hz. More famous tales such as the tale of Musa and Khidr will be examined. General perspectives on the stories of the Prophet will be given and Hz. Since Adam was the first human, the interpretations of the verses about him will be presented under a separate heading. However, the evaluations about the prophets and their relations with their tribes and the attitudes of the destroyed tribes and Hz. The behavior of the society to which the Prophet was sent will be compared. In addition, a general analysis will be made by presenting opinions on the way the commentators handle the tales and the foundations on which they are based. Our thesis consists of an introduction and two main parts. In the introduction, information will be given about the subject, importance, purpose, method of the research and the sources used in the thesis. Some of the works written in this field as sources of classical tafsir are: Muhammad Abdulazim ez-Zerkani's Manahilü'l-İrfan, Zehebî's et-tafsir ve'l-Müfessirûn, Suyutî's al-Hasaisü'l-Kübra, ed-Dürrü'l-Mensûr fi't-Tafsîri'l-Me'sûr, el-itkan fî Ulumi'l-Kur'an; Ibn Taymiyya's Mukaddime fî Usuli't-Tafsir and Zerkeşî's al-Burhan fî Ulumi'l-Kur'an are examples. In addition, various works have been created about the stories in the Qur'an. A few of these are Es-Sa'lebî's Kısasu'l-Enbiya, known as al-Arâis, and Mahmud Zehra's Kasas mine'l-Kur'an. Today, Idris Şengül's On The Qur'anic Stories, Sadık Kılıç's Mythology, The Bible and The Qur'an, Şehmus Demir's Mythology, Qur'an Stories and Historical Reality, Suat Yıldırım's Qur'an There are books written on this subject such as Introduction to the Holy Qur'an and Qur'anic Sciences, Sadık Kılıç's Qur'anic Stories in terms of Philosophy of History, Mehmet Sait Şimşek's Introduction to Qur'anic Stories. Mustafa Kara has an article titled A Subject and Scope-Centered Analysis in the Facts of the Qur'an, and Saliha İnal has a master's study called Historicism and Qur'anic Sciences. In addition, after giving information about the limitations and scope of this research, the first part will be started. In this section, general definitions about the concept of stories will be emphasized, and after brief explanations about the background of the changes in the understanding of stories in the modern period and the narrations originating from Israel, which played an effective role in the approach to stories, the studies on understanding the sacred texts in the West and the reasons for the emergence of the concept of demitology will be briefly examined. Some evaluations will be made about Halefullah's approach to parables, which influenced a different formation in the understanding of parables with his thesis on this subject. In the second part of the thesis, firstly, those who accept the historical reality of the Qur'anic parables in the Turkish works of the Republic Period and the evidence they rely on will be emphasized. Then, the views of scholars who do not accept the historical reality of the stories will be included and the main factors that are effective in the formation of ideas on this subject will be discussed. Finally, the interpretations of the authors, who are outside of these two views, that is, the stories of the writers who consider the stories other than they are historical events and provide different explanations for this subject, will be included and the process of the emergence of different understandings in the interpretation of the stories will be analyzed with its background.