Historical and educational studies of public houses during 1932-1951 Republic age of Turkey: The Mediterrenean region sample

In all societies; public education need was perceived from first era and this need met by various activities reflect in the pages of history.While public education need continues with its traditional way in Turk politic and cultural life, institutions created by state was planned and also studied in a controlled way. In this context, especially the Anatolian Seljuks, and Ottomans, Akhi, guilds, and Madrasah Education centers are examples of these state institutions. In recent history, Since the foundation of Turkey Republic state in 1923, Mustafa Kemal Atatürk gave importance to education by pointing out at every opportunity that the only way to modernization of the country and the development of education depend on education and he took important steps about this. Especially he took into consideration public education in this area.Addressing of formal education provided in educational institutions to specific age group and inadequacy of communication tools used for training out of the school, and similar reasons necessitated the need for a special structure.Country?s bringing into literacy to a campaign and aiming to reach %100 literacy levels can be listed as the other reasons to promote public education efforts. With this purpose, after the adaption of new letters in 1928, state schools opened with the leadership of Atatürk. All teachers and many intellectuals mobilized in this public education movement. With the enthusiasm of mobilization spirit and convenience of provided by new letters, millions of citizens have been taught to read and write in a short time and with an inexpensive way. Additionally, some information considered within the scope of public education is given to the public.Public houses founded by Atatürk are institutions which are aimed to realize public education, to direct people common development efforts. Duties of public houses are explaining the Atatürk principles to the public, and integration of people without any privilege and class difference. Public houses were developed as culture and education centers which were available and free to all citizens disregard to class, age, level and gender. Public houses were organized to bring the conscious, understanding and loving each other, and on the national ideals citizens together and were aimed protection, enlargement, adoption of Atatürk?s revolution values. Public houses was founded to spread, ingrain revolution and to develop society culturally in 1932. Public houses have been useful cultural and educational institutions. Public houses opened in the Mediterranean region have provided development of citizens socially and culturally.Increase in the rate of literate citizens, change and development throughout the country reveal the success of public education activities initiated by public houses. Researching this important institution?s history deeply and neutrally will be fruitful for the future?s public houses and today?s public education. Although there are studies about public houses and Adana public house to date, the studies including public houses? education and history studies; and the Mediterranean region public houses? education and history activities has not been found.At this study, public houses? education and history studies in 1932-1951; and Mediterranean region public houses? education and history studies are discussed. Additionally, the studies about education and history between 1932-1951 periods are examined deeply and focused their contributions on Turk people.Firstly, public houses which are 14 rose to 373 in 1939. Also, in small settlements, public rooms were opened instead of public houses. In 1950 there were 478 public house and 4332 public room in 63 provinces and some distinct throughout the country.There were 35 large and small broadcasting centers in 1945. These magazines published monthly or fifteen-day collected most important signatures on their pages. Ülkü published by Ankara public house, Yeni Türk published by İstanbul Eminönü, and Fikirler published by İzmir public house had readers throughout the Turkey. In small provincial town, Public house magazines were single culture tool.The public houses in the Mediterranean region, Antalya public house 24 June 1932, Adana, Mersin and Isparta public houses 24 February 1933, Maraş public house 20 February 1934, Burdur public house 22 February 1935, and Hatay Public house 25 July 1939 were opened.Totally, in Mediterranean region, 48 public houses and 435 public rooms were opened and these institutions realized significant studies. Public houses were opened in cities and the countries and public rooms were opened in villages and towns.The Mediterranean region public houses are among the first public houses and they executed lasting effect studies.In this study in 1932- 1951 public houses? public education studies are examined and contributions to social enlightenment and consciousness with aspects of history and education are evaluated in general. Public houses in the Mediterranean region studies about history and education are reported in detail.So, our study area ın these comprehensive activities of public houses is limited as ?public houses history and education studies- the Mediterranean region sample? (Adana, Mersin, Antalya, Isparta, Burdur, Hatay, Kahramanmaraş cities).Putting forth of public houses in the close Turk history and their studies are found important for the feature of shedding light on the future. Knowing this historical process? conditions, beginning, and stages coming now will guide to today?s and future?s studies. Additionally, knowing public education studies in the past will help to organization of today?s public houses and public education activities.Keywords: public houses,Adana, Burdur, Mersin, Antalya, ısparta, Hatay, Kahramanmaraş, public education, History, Education.