The effect of exercise training on expression of different TRP channels in liver and muscle tissue of the experimental diabetes model induced rats

Type 2 diabetes is a chronic condition characterized by hyperglycemia, which occurs due to the pancreas's inability to produce sufficient insulin or the body's inability to use the produced insulin effectively. TRP channel genes are found at high levels in the alpha and beta cells of the pancreas, and these genes are associated with insulin resistance. Exercise is a crucial therapeutic tool in the treatment of type 2 diabetes today. The main aim of this study is to investigate the effects of regular exercise interventions on the gene expression of TRPC1, TRPC6, and TRPM7 in skeletal muscle and liver tissues in an experimentally induced type 2 diabetes model. At the beginning of the study, adult male rats were divided into four groups: control, diabetes, exercise, and diabetes plus exercise groups. The diabetes groups were given a high-fat diet followed by a 35 mg/kg streptozotocin injection to induce an experimental type 2 diabetes model. After confirming the diabetic condition, the rats underwent 4 weeks of swimming exercise. At the end of the exercise period, the rats were euthanized using the cervical dislocation method, and skeletal muscle (gastrocnemius) and liver samples were collected. The expression of TRPC1, TRPC6, and TRPM7 in the collected samples was analyzed using RT-PCR. The analysis revealed that serum insulin levels were higher in the diabetes group compared to the control group (p≤ 0.05). In the exercise and diabetes plus exercise groups, serum insulin levels were lower compared to the diabetes group (p≤ 0.05). In skeletal muscle and liver tissues, the expression of TRPC1 and TRPC6 was found to be higher in the diabetes plus exercise group compared to the diabetes group (p≤ 0.05). These findings suggest that exercise may improve insulin resistance caused by type 2 diabetes through TRP channels.