Effectiveness of pentoxifylline on experimental contrast material induced nephropathy

One of the important mecanisms of the contrast-induced nephropathy (CIN) is theoccuring hypoxia in renal medulla and oxidative stress. It was shown thatpentoxifylline (PTX ), which has antioxidant and immunomodulatory effects,attenuated the renal ischemia-reperfusion injury.We aimed to investigate whetherPTX might have a preventive role against the development of CIN. SixteenWistar-albino female rats were randomly divided into four groups (n=6 each):control, contrast media (CM), PTX and PTX+CM. Exception of control and CMgroups, the others were given their drugs once daily orally for 5 days. CIN wasinduced by administration of intravenous high-osmolal contrast media diatrizoate(6 ml/kg) after 48 h of dehydration. Kidney function parameters, inflammatoryparameters, serum and renal tissue oxidative stress markers were measured.Kidney were excised for histopathological evaluation.Increases of serumcreatinine and blood urea nitrogen levels in CM group only were significantlyhigh (p<0.05). Absolute changes of serum creatinine levels in PTX, PTX+CM andC were significantly lower than those in CM (p<0.05). No significant decreases ofcreatinine clearance in all groups, except in CM was found.Absolute change of thecreatinine clearance, differences between all groups were not significant.Serumlevels of advanced oxidation protein product and malondialdehid in PTX+CMcompared to CM were significantly less (p<0.05). Histopathological lesions inCM were more advanced (p<0.05). In conclusion, the study suggest that PTXprotects or ameliorates against CIN