Investigation of the effect of saccharomyces boulardii and bacterial origin probiotics in experimental parkinson's disease induced rats

Parkinson's disease is a multisystem progressive disease with a prolonged preclinic phase that affects many systems until motor symptoms are diagnosed. Currently, the treatments applied during the clinical period of the disease only cause motor symptoms to be alleviated and the side effect of long-term drug treatment dyskinesia is inevitable. Therefore, there is a need to develop new diagnostic methods that can identify early diagnosis and risk groups. Understanding of the pathogenesis of the disease and the mechanism of the non-motor symptoms become important in the development of these methods. To this end, recent studies emphasized the importance of intestinal microbiome and suggested that Parkinson's disease starting in the intestine and affects central nervous system via brain-gut axis. In our study, 48 Wistar male rats were divided into 6 groups (n = 8) and 4 of the groups were administered intraperitoneal Rotenone® injection at a dose of 2.5 mg / kg for 60 days, to induce experimental Parkinson's disease. From these four groups, yeast-derived Saccharomyces boulardii (Reflor®) probiotic was given to PM group, bacterial probiotic; Lactobacillus acidophilus, Lactobacillus rhamnosus, Bifidobacterium bifidum, Bifidobacterium longum, Streptococcus thermophilus, Bifidobacterium breve, and Lactobacillus reuteri (Newita®) was given to the PB group, both yeast and bacterial origin probiotics were given to the PBM group and only rotenone was applied to the P group. One of the other two groups consisted of the control group (K), where no treatment was performed during the study, and the other, the solvent control group (CK), where the substance used as rotenone solvent was administered intraperitoneally and given drinking water via gavage. The effects of probiotic agents on the course of the disease were investigated by motor tests, measurement of dopamine in corpus striatum, stereological neuron count in cerebellum and hippocampus, tyrosine hydroxylase enzyme imunohystochemistry, histopathological changes and flow cytometric analysis of intestinal CD163 macrophages. In our study, we found that motor performance was low compared to CK and K groups and high compared to P groups in probiotic-treated groups. In addition, neurodegenerative findings in the central nervous system were found to be quite severe compared to PM, PB, PBM, CK and K groups in the P group. Similarly, in the flow cytometry analysis of proximal colon samples, macrophages showing CD163 expression were significantly increased in the P, PM, PB and PBM groups compared to CK and K groups, only PM group showed significantly lower CD163 expression than the P group. According to results of our study, probiotic administration shows neuroprotective effects and affects CD163 expression in experimental Parkinson's disease induced rats.