Comparative research of porosity created by acid etching technique in pure titanium material used in dental implantology with sem

Dental implants are widely used today to rehabilitate dental deficiencies. The surface properties of dental implants differ. These surface properties can be changed by different techniques and surface roughness can also be changed. The osseointegration of dental implants to the jawbone is also affected by this surface porosity. In this study, dental implantology is the most used pure titanium material (Grade 4 pure titanium disks in 3mm x 5mm sizes) with 5 different acids (HCl, HNO3, HF, H2SO4, H2O2) at different temperatures (room temperature (25oC), 40oC, 60oC) and roughened with acid for different periods of time (20 minutes, 40 minutes, 1 hour, 2 hours, 3 hours). The initial and final weight measurements for each titanium sample were made with precision scales, and porosity measurements were made using atomic force microscopy (AFM). In addition, surfaces were examined with scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The acid type, temperature and duration that constitute the most surface roughness were determined and repeated for statistical evaluation. To determine the repeatability and accuracy of the experiments, error bars and Weibull analyzes were used for statistical evaluation. The aim of this study is to achieve the highest surface roughness in an acid etched titanium surface in such a way as to accelerate osseointegration. As a result, surface porosity is very important in osseointegration of dental implants. This porosity can be changed by different methods. In our study, the most porosity was obtained with HCl acid at 60oC and after 3 hours.