Evaluation of the body weight changes and food addiction in parkinson's disease patient with deep brain stimulation

A body weight increase is observed in the Deep Brain Stimulation (DBS) operation; a treatment of Parkinson disease. The cause of this increase after DBS is not identified yet. The aim of this study is to evaluate Parkinson's disease patient's body weight changes after Deep Brain Stimulation (DBS) and to search the existence of food addiction related to DBS surgery. The study was carried out on 6 women and 5 men with ages between 50-69 and who is available for Deep Brain Stimulation surgery at Medipol University Parkinson and Movement Disorders Center between June- November 2019. Personal characteristics, nutrition and sleep habits of individuals were determined using face-to-face and phone call interview method. In order to determine daily energy and nutrient intake, 24 hours nutrient intake was recorded and physical activity status was determined before and after the Deep Brain Stimulation operation. Yale Food Addiction Scale (YFAS) was applied to individual and anthropometric measurements were taken before and after the Deep Brain Stimulation operation. Hoehn – Yahr scale for staging the disease. This study was applied 11 Parkinson's disease patient before and after 2 months of DBS. The mean duration of Parkinson's disease was 9.22 ± 4.05 years. Questionnnaire was applied before and after 2 months of DBS surgery. The average Hoehn Yahr Scale before DBS was 2.77±0.34; after DBS was 1.45±1.19 (p<0.05). Before DBS surgery, the average body mass index (BMI) of men is 27.7±4.16 kg/m2;; after DBS, the average BMI is 28.9±4.46 kg/m2 (p<0.05). Before DBS, Parkinson's disease average waist-to-height ratio is 0.6±0.08 cm; and after DBS, average waist-to-height ratio is 0.6±0.89 cm; changes were statistically significant. The average waist circumference (WC) of women is 121.33±8.59 cm; and after DBS is 115.33±8.26 cm (p<0.05). The average waist circumference (WC) of men is 107.20±14.41 cm; and after DBS is 110.60±15.19 cm(p<0.05). Before and after the DBS surgery,energy, carbohydrate, protein and fat intakes of adolescents are above the recommendations of Turkey Nutrition Guide 2015. According to Yale Food Addiction Scale (YFAS), changes before and after DBS weren't significant (p>0.05). In Parkinson's disease YFAS subgroups evaluation is 'persistent desire or unsuccessful efforts to cut down or control substance use' subgroup; before DBS was %18.2 while after DBS was %54.6 (p<0.05). The other subgroup evaluation was that before % 9.1 of Parkinson's disease patient and %54.6 of after 2 months of DBS were that Parkinson's disease patients determined that they were eating all the time and while they were decreasing the eating activity they got anxious according to YFAS scale; statistically significant (p<0.05).It is concluded that there is increase in pre and post DBS anthropometric measurements in Parkinson's disease; but there is no indication of development of food addiction. Parkinson's disease patient with DBS should inform about probable weight gaining and after DBS surgery should be monitored by dietitian about weight changes periodically.