Development and application of stackelberg game-based strategies for energy sharing management of microgrids

The main objective of this thesis is to develop energy sharing management strategies for microgrids. In accordance with this purpose, the problem of energy sharing management of a microgrid including photovoltaic-wind turbine prosumers with energy storage systems, and plug-in electric vehicle charging stations is modeled as a single-leader multi-follower Stackelberg game. The proposed game provides several significant contributions to literature. Firstly, the roles of prosumers can dynamically change as buyers or sellers according to the pricing policy of the leader in each time interval. Secondly, prosumers can take an active role in the microgrid by shaping their energy consumption strategies with their specified decision parameters. Thirdly, the energy demands of plug-in electric vehicle charging stations are determined as variable demands based on the operational characteristics of charging stations, considering an integer programming problem. Fourthly, by the necessary modifications identified for the presented approach, the microgrid can operate independently from the utility grid and satisfy the requirements of islanded mode. Finally, a proper billing scheme is designed to eliminate the negative effects caused by uncertainties, and thus, to increase the robustness of the game approach on real-time applications. In addition to these contributions, the proposed Stackelberg game approach is extended to solve the problem of energy sharing management between microgrids. To demonstrate the effectiveness of the developed strategies, case studies are performed on MATLAB software and results are presented.