Development and movement kinetics of small intestine model

In recent years, there has been a growing interest in the use of physiologically appropriate intestinal tissue engineering as a substitute for animal models for drug encounters and/or disease diagnoses. A two-dimensional (2D) epithelial thin film model has traditionally been employed to evaluate the digestive system's operations. However, these models lack the 3D structure of mini villi which are responsible for increasing the absorption rate of the intestine, thereby diminishing their physiological value. Therefore, 3D models are being used to comprehensively explore the impact of in vivo-like tissue trigonometry and arc on the cells' circumstances because they can capture the complicated biological responses of tissue in vitro. Likewise, researchers use PDMS to design bio models of specific endothelial lining or channels for in-vitro studies. For the endurance of the movement of such a mimicking model, ferromagnetic nanoparticles such as iron oxide nanoparticles are proposed to be embedded inside the sandwich structure of the PDMS. According to the magnetic field and the particle size used, the villi-like PDMS is designed to respond similarly to the real mini villi inside the small intestine in terms of behavior but different in terms of speed.