Dijital diplomacy and cyber security

Recently, modern concepts have appeared widely in the international arena, these concepts have become widely spoken about, and the reason for this is due to the widespread use of modern digital technology and its various applications such as Facebook, WhatsApp, Twitter, Instagram, etc., which are now widely used. Despite the adverse effects of these digital m, the positive effects are nonneglectable, as they facilitate communication with audience, in addition that they made the world resultsthe , to become like a small village. International diplomacy, especially in the field of digital diplomacy, is spreading widely, but, it is not a substitute for traditional diplomacy. We have held this study four chapters: In the first chapter, we dealt with the concept of cyber security and digital diplomacyand , within two sections, we devoted the first of them toideancept of cyber security, where many definitions of cyber security were said, incluing: it is a set of means that will reduce the risks attacking software, computer hardware or networks, and despite that, there is no comprehensive definition of cyber security, but most of these definitions focus on the dangers to which computer programs, sys,tems and networks are exposed, and finding means and methods that provide them with protection from these dangers. Digital diplomacy, it is defined as a form of public diplomacy, and it involves the use of digital technology, media platforms, social media, and communication with the public in an inexpensive way. Digital diplomacy has many goals that it seeks to achieve, the most important of which is communicating with the audience virtually and providing new communication tools to the public to communicate and influence it using the official means of the state via the Internet. Among the tools of this digital diplomacy are social media, virtual embassies, websites, and the online education of diplomats. The second chapter, it includes the benefits and risks of digital diplomacy. Among the most important of these benefits, the long distances between diplomats and the target audiences have become less important with the spread of modern technol and to its low cost and high returns. As for the risks of digital diplomacy, including eliminating the element of confidentiality in diplomacy, websites may also be exposed to hackers who deliberately attack information and obstruct diplomatic work. In the third chapter, we discussed the applications of digital diplomacy in some countries, including Britain, France, the United States of America, Canada, and Turkey. Britain is one of the countries that has applied diplomacy to a great extent. It has used as many websites and social networks as possible, in many languages in the world, to activate public diplomacy. Britain ranked first globally in the context of digital diplomacy, according to the 2016 Digital Diplomacy Report, and has advanead of countries with broad interests of digital diplomacy, including France and the United States of America. France is among the countries that have covered vast areas in digital diplomacy, and this is evidenced by the fact that it ranks second after Britain, which occupies the first place, as we have shown in previous pages. This type of diplomacy is called (influence diplomacy), if the French Foreign Ministry the first French institution that has established a website on the Internet since 1995. Thein number of followers and visitors to this website rhas eached 9.6 million visitors. For the fourth and final chapter, we dealt with cyber security and digital diplomacy in Iraq. Cyber security exercises its effects in various areas of life, including the security field, which contributes throumultipleous tools to redrawing the local and global security dimension and works to reshape the political and security awareness and perception of individuals and societies in countries in a diwaysrent way than it was in the real world. Cyber war, cybe,r terrorism and cybercrime are the most prominent talk on the security issue. The effect that cyberspace has on the security field is not limited to the internal reality of the state but extends to the international environment and affects the redrawing of the form and content of global security, By the nature of international relations and international security. Findings of the research: 1- Cyber security is defined as the protection of systems, networks, and programs against digital attacks, which aim to access, change or destroy sensitive informationto seizeg money fr. In contrast,s, while digital diplomacy is a form of public diplomacy and involves the use of digital diplomacy and media and social media platforms. 2- Digital diplomacy has benefits, including the fact that long distances between diplomats and the target audience have become less important with the spread of modern technology. One of its dangers is the elimination of secrecy in diplomacy and the difficulty of decision-making in some cases. 3- Many countries have implemented digital diplomacy and traveled vast distances, such as the United Kingdom, France, and the United States of America-wide wide, . Theresome countries that that that are still craving in this regard. 4- There are significant difficulties facing the application of digital diplomacy in Iraq. You need to develop a strong strategythe success of digital diplomacy in Iraq. Recommendations: 1- Creating a special section for digital diplomacy in the Iraqi Ministry of Foreign Affairs, similar to what is found in most foreign ministries. 2- Enrolling Iraqi diplomats in training courses for digital diplomacy and developing their skills in diplomatic work, knowing that most of them do not have official accounts on modern technology such as Facebook, Twitter, and others. 3- Designing digital platforms for communication between diplomats and Iraqi communities abroad or between the Ministry of Foreign Affairs and the rest of the embassies 4- Updating the websites of state institutions as they contain sensitive information on the economic, industrial, and developmental reality that serves the Iraqi negotiators with their counterparts in other countries.