The criticism of the theological methodology in the syntax of relationship of religion to philosophy: The example of Ibn Rushd

This study deals with the determination of the field, scope and limitations of the sources of religion, philosophy and science, which are the dominant concepts of the history of thought, revealing the stages they have gone through, the correspondence of the dimensions of the relationship to be established between them in philosophy, theology and science, and the criticisms directed by our philosopher Ibn Rushd to the methodology of kalam. The foundations and propositions of religion and philosophy are different from each other. In the basis of religion and in its propositions, the dimension of emotion based on belief is the main element, while the dimension of thought is a predominant element in the basis of philosophy. Therefore, it is important to evaluate these two fields independently from each other in order to understand them correctly. In the relationship to be established between the two sources, the method of Ibn Rushd differs from the method of the theologians. Ibn Rushd analyzes the relationship between religion and philosophy with a compartmentalist approach. Therefore, Ibn Rushd states that the style of relationship established between religion and philosophy by theologians is a wrong method because they confuse the meaning and value of religious and philosophical expressions. Stating that the science of kalam was built on a methodological error from the beginning, Ibn Rushd states that the conception of God, epistemology and nature understandings are built on false propositions after expressing that kalam is in a logical error. In this research, the general structural features, formation processes and knowledge values of religion and philosophy, which are the basic dynamics of human thought and life, are discussed. Then, the dimensions of the relationship to be established between these two systems by philosophers and theologians and their reflection on the conceptions of God, nature and knowledge were tried to be revealed.