Evaluation of the effect of direct and indirect bonding techniques on bracket position accuracy according to the amount of crowding

In the straight wire technique, the accuracy of the bracket positions has an important place in the success of the treatment. Although there are many studies in the literature comparing direct and indirect bracket position accuracy, none of these studies examined the effects of crowding teeth. The aim of this study is to evaluate the bracket position accuracy of direct and indirect bonding techniques according to the amount of crowding of the teeth. 30 patients were divided into 2 groups (N=15) with crowding of 0-3 mm and >6 mm. The direct bonding technique on the lower jaw was applied clinically. Digital indirect bonding technique was applied on in vitro manikin patient models with the help of transfer trays produced using a 3D printer on routine study lower jaw models obtained from patients. The mandibular arch and brackets were digitally transferred with the help of an intraoral scanning device, and bracket position deviations were measured with ocluso-gingival (mm), mesio-distal (mm), ocluso-gingival (0), mesio-distal (0) values using GOM Inspect (Braunschweig, Germany) software. The suitability of the data for normal distribution was evaluated with the Shapiro Wilk test. Kruskal Wallis, Mann Whitney U test and Bonferroni correction were applied for comparisons between groups. Both bracket bonding techniques have shown clinically successful results. When bracket position errors were measured in the direct and indirect bonding study groups, linear and angular position errors showed statistically significant differences in the vertical and mesiodistal directions (p <0.05). While there was no statistically significant difference between direct and indirect bonding techniques in groups with 0-3 mm crowding, a statistically significant difference was found in angular and linear measurements between direct and indirect bonding techniques in groups with >6 mm crowding. Both bracket bonding techniques have yielded clinically successful results and can be used depending on the clinician's preference, but it can be said that the indirect bonding technique is more advantageous in patients with more crowding.