Relationship between thyroid hormone levels (hyperthyroidism andhypothyroidism) and SMAD in diabetic nephropathy

Diabetic Nephropathy is a disease that occurs especially with diabetes and is likely to become chronic. Studies reveal the relation ship between Nephropathy and thyroid hormones. Hypothyroidism, especially dueto the low level of T3 hormone, is considered as a complication of nephropathy. However, the relationship of T3 hormone with smadproteins and its effects on TGF-β signaling are also known. In this study, thyroid hormones were evaluated as a common component of both nephropathy and SMAD mechanism and the relation ship between thyroid hormone levels and thyroid hormone levels with SMAD proteins in nephropathy. Within the scope of our study, an experiment group consisting of patients diagnosed with Nephropathy and a control group consisting of healthy individuals weres tudied. Nephropathy status was confirmed in samples taken from both groups and thyroid hormone levels were checked. The effects of T3 on Nephropathy have also been confirmed in our study and then associated with SMAD proteins. Our study was carried out in the Biochemistry Department laboratories of the "Falluja General Training Hospital" Research and Application Hospital in Feluje district campus in Anbar, Iraq. KEYWORDS: Nephropathy, Thyroid Hormones, T3, T4, SMAD Proteins, TFG-β