Investigation of teucrium multicaule collected from Diyarbakir and Batman in terms of chemical and biological activity

Aim: Determination of total phenolic and total flavonoid amount, antioxidant and anticholinesterase activities of root and aerial parts of ethanol extracts of T. multicaule collected from Diyarbakır and Batman will be performed. It was aimed to determine the chemical contents of plants with LC-HRMS and GC-MS devices. Material and Method: Total phenolic and flavonoid amounts of ethanol extracts of T. multicaule, antioxidant activities by 2,2-Diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free and 2,2′-Azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS) cation radical scavenging, metal chelating and CUPric Reducing Antioxidant Capacity (CUPRAC) methods and anticholinesterase activities by Ellman method were determined. Phenolic and essential oil compounds were determined by liquid chromatography-high resolution mass spectrometry (LC-HRMS) and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis. Results: The highest total phenolic and flavonoid content was found in the root (TMDK) extract of T. multicaule plant collected from Diyarbakır, and it was determined that the same extract had the highest DPPH free and ABTS cation radical scavenging activities. T. multicaule root (TMBK) extract collected from Batman showed the highest activity according to the CUPRAC method. It was determined that they did not have metal chelating activities. The extracts did not have Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) enzyme inhibition activity, on the contrary, all the extracts showed moderate to weak activities Butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) enzyme inhibition. According to the GC-MS analysis results, the major components of the T. multicaule plant collected from Diyarbakır are germacrene D, β-caryophyllene and 1-octen-3-ol, while the T. multicaule plant collected from Batman are germacrene D, β-caryophyllene and bicyclogermacrene. When the results of the LC-HRMS analysis of the plants are examined, the most common compounds are verbascoside, (-)-epigallocatechingallate, hederagenin and hyperoside compounds. Conclusion: It can be said that the high antioxidant potential of T. multicaule root extract collected in Diyarbakır is due to its high phenolic and flavonoid content. Chemical contents with LC-HRMS and GC-MS devices, antioxidant and anticholinesterase activities of T. multicaule plant were studied for the first time.