Investigation of afad personnel's opinions on their competencies within the scope of intervention to individuals with special needs in natural disasters

This study examines the perceptions of personnel from AFAD, a Turkish organization involved in disaster response for individuals with special needs, regarding their effectiveness in such situations. Disasters and emergencies yield negative consequences not only for individuals with typical development but also for those with special needs. Individuals with special needs are more adversely affected by disasters and emergencies. This makes interventions during disasters and emergencies more complex and challenging, increasing the need for experts in the field. This research, designed as a case study, included 11 male personnel aged between 35 and 50, who are employed by Tokat AFAD. Data were collected using a semi-structured interview form and analyzed through content analysis. Interviews were conducted in person and audio recorded by the researcher. The audio recordings from the interviews were transcribed, repeatedly read, coded, and thematically organized. Frequencies of specific responses were calculated, and direct quotations were used for detailed explanations. Findings revealed that the participating personnel often refer to individuals with special needs under the broad categorization of disability. Participants perceive individuals with special needs as significantly more vulnerable in disaster scenarios, noting various social and emotional challenges faced by individuals with special needs during such crises. Furthermore, the adequacy of training received by AFAD personnel was questioned, with a consensus pointing towards the need for continuous and up-to-date training. In addressing how they recognize individuals with special needs during disaster response, participants stated that they benefited from physical cues and direct communication with the individual. When discussing intervention strategies and communication, personnel emphasized the necessity for careful and informed interaction, indicating the importance of direct verbal communication with individuals with special needs and engagement with their caregivers. In line with the answers of the participants, the study concludes with a recommendation for ongoing training and increased awareness to improve disaster response strategies tailored to the needs of individuals with special needs. Keywords: Individuals With Special Needs, AFAD, Natural Disaster