Transformation of modernity and conservatism in Turkey on the axis of East-West debates

As the military modernization movements started in the Ottoman Empire, innovation, reform and constitutionalism movements, the pre-republic transition period and the early republican period can make it easier to understand today's Turkey. The process from the 1940s to the 1960s has also been the basis of today's modernization discussions. This period represents an important stage in Turkey's world of thought. The intellectual debates held in this period have been the main focus of discussion in the field of social sciences for many years and have directly affected both basic social sciences such as history, literature and sociology, as well as interdisciplinary fields such as cultural studies and east- west studies. One of the most important issues discussed in the 60s was whether Turkey was an eastern or a western society. The center of these debates has expanded to the fields of politics, academia, and literature. Discussions about whether Turkey is eastern or western, feudal or capitalist, have also included discussions of modernity and conservatism. Throughout the thesis, the theses of Turkey's intellectuals about these two thought environments were discussed and discussed. A reality that he always considers both in the field of art and in the field of philosophy, the reality of the social structure of the Ottoman Empire and Turkey comes to the fore. One of the main purposes of this study is to understand the debates between east-west and modernity-conservatism that transformed from the Ottoman Empire to the Turkish Republic in Turkey's world of thought and to understand, question an interpret which subjectivities stand out in the focus of literature, philosophy and politics.