Investigation of NOTCH-1 expression with immunohistochemical and RT-PCR method in prostate adenocarcinoma with and without dosesetal treatment

Prostate cancer is one of the most common cancers in the world and its incidence is rapidly increasing. The risk of prostate cancer is gradually decreasing until age 50 as age progresses. Prostate cancer is most commonly seen in the form of adenocarcinoma histologically. Prostate-specific antigen (PSA) is routinely used for clinical use; prostate cancer to be diagnosed and treated at an earlier stage. At the time of diagnosis, approximately 81% of the patients were in the clinical local stage; about 4% are metastatic. A group of patients with prostate carcinoma shows an aggressive course, only with active monitoring. Currently, several new treatment strategies targeting specific signaling pathways and immunotherapy are being explored for prostate cancer. In this study, we investigated the relationship between Notch-1 gene expression by immunohistochemistry and RT-PCR in patients with prostate adenocarcinoma of the Notch pathway and who developed resistance using docetaxel. In our study, 20 patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia and 60 patients with prostate adenocarcinoma were studied by immunohistochemistry and RT-PCR with Notch-1. We found Notch-1 gene expression at a significant level in 17 of our 60 patients. We detected Notch-1 gene expression at a significant level in 6 of these patients with docetaxel resistance in 13 of our patients. Forty-seven of our patients did not have docetaxel resistance and found Notch-1 gene expression at a significant level in 11 of these patients. There was a significant correlation between Gleason score height, ISUP scores high and PSA height and Notch-1 gene expression (p <0,05). Despite the increased expression of Notch-1 gene in 6 of 13 patients with docetaxel resistance, there was no significant relationship between docetaxel resistance and Notch-1. From the literature view, we note that the Notch signaling pathway has increasing evidence that PCa progression, metastasis and chemotherapy resistance. Our study has shown that the Notch signaling pathway is associated with high Gleason score, high ISUP score, and elevated PSA level. But we did not detect a significant association between docetaxel resistance and Notch-1 expression. Due to the small number of studies related to this topic and the inadequate data obtained, it is important to conduct a large number of studies with wider series to determine the prognosis of PCa patients and to direct their treatment.