A dummy head and neck model for both frontal and rear impacts

Dummies are calibrated test instruments used to measure human injury potential and determine dynamic behaviour of anatomical parts of the human in vehicle crashes.There are seperate dummies available for frontal and rear impacts.The problem is that rear impact dummies couldn't be used for frontal ones and vice versa.In this work, a multi body dummy head-neck model which could be used for rear impacts as well as frontal impacts was developed. To maintain its posture at rest, static equilibrium equations were defined on the model. The model was validated using cadaver and volunteer test data in the literature.