The development of democracy culture in the world and its application in the process of transition from constitionalism to multi-party life

Democracy came to the scene of history in ancient Greece 2500 years ago. It is natural that the democracy was methodically and contextually differentiated in history, but it has not lost anything of its existence and importance, it has gained even more importance. Today's approach to democracy based on pluralism, has manifested itself in the process following the seventeenth century, when Western countries realized the importance of the rule of law in the administration of the country as well as the implementation of the country's administration by the parliament. As a result of the events and the emerging libertarian ideas that occurred in England, in America and in France, during their processes of revolution, the concepts that gave life to modern democracies such as the ability of individuals to participate in social and political life in an equal manner, separation between forces, freedom to think differently, have begun to emerge and be adopted. The Ottoman society was affected by democracy too late. The first contact with democracy was as a result of the manipulations of European states or the pressure of a group of intellectuals. The realisation of the congresses by Atatürk just in the beginning of the independence war, the opening of the The Grand National Assembly of Turkey, the transition of sovereignty to the people are important steps in terms of the development of democracy culture. The declaration of the Republic, the abolition of the sultanate and the caliphate, the expansion of political and social freedoms prepared an environment for the establishment of democracy culture. Despite two unsuccessful short-lived opposition parties experiences , Turkey, that does not give up the wish to transition to multiparty life, has finally revealed its belief in democracy by performing a system in in 1950, which the government could change with elections.