Research of health inspection applications in the world and Turkey

Today, with the increase of trade, maritime transport which is most sought-after kind of transportation method from the old has increased. This increase, brought along risks of spreading to countries of infectious diseases which are still untratable despite of today's technology and medical developments. As a result of the spread of fatal infectious diseases and the reasons such as trade and the spreading to the countries, there has been a number of deaths affecting the population in many of countries. Each country has taken various measures to prevent the spread of infectious diseases to countries by reason of land, air and sea transport. These measures have been made as certain standards under the leadership of the World Health Organization. Although defined by a center, these standards have differences between various applications. Application differences can be seen in different areas such as authorized units, on-site or remote control, documentation format. In this study, measures taken to prevent the spread of infectious diseases by reason of maritime transport, sanitary inspections carried out in the world ports and straits and the implementation methods of these inspections have been examined. Differences were revealed by comparing the applications with the sanitary inspection applications in Turkey. International agreements affecting these differences have also been investigated and an attempt has been made to develop a model of sanitary inspection implementation practices in the Turkish Straits. Keywords: Maritime transport, infectious diseases, sanitary inspections, world ports, straits