Analysis of public fiscal policies which incentive population increase in Turkey and world

One of the factors that societies should direct to achieve social welfare is their population. At this point, the problem of developed countries is the aging of their populations. To prevent this, countries implement public policies that encourage fertility growth. In this study, it is aimed to analyze these policies and their results, in the first chapter, demography, the relationship between population and economic development and the right to reproduction are examined. In the second part, the development of the population structure in the world, the results and the financial and non-financial policies of the selected countries that encourage population increase are analyzed. In the last part, the effects of the policies on fertility between 1995 and 2015 are analyzed according to the data. In Scandinavian countries, Belgium, France, Australia and Russia, which allow parents to work flexibly as well as improving paid leave rights, child benefits, institutional childcare support, fertility rates are high compared to other selected countries. In particular, institutional childcare support, coupled with improved paid leave and flexible work entitlement, increases fertility rates by reducing the opportunity costs of working women having children. In the Czech Republic, Italy, Spain, Canada, Japan, Germany, Portugal and Slovakia, public policy mix is weak and fertility rates are lower. The declining fertility rate in Ireland in the 1990s has increased with public support today. Although the decreasing fertility rates in our country were tried to be increased by pronatalist policies started in 2008, incentives were insufficient compared to developed countries and the fertility rate could not be increased. The fact that in most of the selected countries freedom of abortion and family planning does not constitute an obstacle to the increase in fertility is an indication that the increase in fertility is attempted with certain incentives to increase the social welfare of the families. Key words: Population, population growth, fertility, developed countries, incentives, fiscal policies