A model study on purification, characterization of exosomesand investigation of their usability in cancer diagnosis

According to recent research and World Health Organization (WHO) reports, it is reported that millions (about twenty million) of people get cancer diseases every year and about half of them lose their lives. According to the World Health Organization reports - it has been reported that these numbers are expected to approximately double by 2040. Invasive methods used in the diagnosis of cancer diseases (for example, due to the limitations of imaging techniques (for example, tissue biopsy) and imaging techniques (for example, CT, ultrasonic evaluation), diagnosing the disease is usually possible in the advanced stages, in other words, after it has spread throughout the body. Therefore, it is a fact that patients' chances of recovery will increase with the diagnosis and diagnosis of cancer at an early stage. On the other hand, early detection of cancer for patients will not only reduce costs, but also reduce the risk of death by increasing the effectiveness of treatment. In recent years, liquid biopsies, on which intensive research has been conducted, have come to the fore as an important alternative as noninvasive diagnostic / diagnostic methods in the early diagnosis of cancer. Liquid biopsy applications are mainly performed by sampling and analyzing tumor cells (circulating tumor cells, CTCs), exosomes and other vesicular structures in the bloodstream from various biological fluids of patients related to various diseases. Among the cells and other components mentioned here, exosomes provide extremely valuable physiological and pathological information, and research on the subject has begun to intensify in the last Decennium and is increasing with an increasing trend. Within the scope of the presented thesis study, it is planned to isolate exosomes from their environment using magnetic micro/nanoparticular structures using separation-purification techniques, especially in relation to exosomes, whose usability in cancer diagnosis and treatment has been extensively researched in recent years, and then to conduct a model study on their usability in cancer diagnosis. In this context; as a preliminary study, first simple liposomal structures were created using liposome preparation techniques and then, model biological molecules (e.g. L-Histidine) were added to these structures then an artificial exosome model was developed. In the separation-purification studies of both liposomal structures and artificial exosomes, HSA microparticles containing iron oxide nanoparticles were prepared and their surfaces were decorated with a suitable ligand (e.g. copper ions) and a selective separation system was developed to be increased the separation/purification efficiency. The obtained findings from the thesis studies were evaluated as being able to shed light on the practical and economical separation/purification of real exosomes from their environments to their use in cancer diagnosis/treatment.