Elektirikli araçlar ve geleneksel araçların çevreye olan etkileri ile İstanbul'da şarj istasyonlarının yerlerinin planlanması

Traffic congestion is one of the most important problems in metropolitan regions including Istanbul. Vehicles running with conventional internal combustion engines have low energy efficiency and release harmful substances into the atmosphere. In order to decrease the effects of conventional vehicles, it is beneficial to use environmentally friendlier cars such as phev, bev, hev and ev. Our work includes the analysis of the current situation on the environmental effects and the design of a network for the charging stations in Istanbul. The design of such a system requires extensive data analysis on the origin destination matrices for urban transportation networks as well as the charging requirements of the vehicles. First part of this thesis focuses on environmental effects of conventional vehicles and how their replacement will affect the environment. In this perspective, we analyse environmental friendlier cars and their infrastructure need. Most important thing for promoting the usage of environmentally friendlier vehicles is opening charging stations in optimal places. We also analyse the effects of passenger vehicles in main roads in aspect of noise and air pollution. Current situation is shown with graphs and tables. In the second part, we analyse the data for Istanbul and develop a MILP formulation to design the network of charging stations to satisfy energy requirements. The objective is to minimize the total station opening costs and electricity needs by deciding how many stations to open in each district of Istanbul. We also develop a stochastic programming model to incorporate the effect of a random acceptance rate parameter which denotes the proportion of vehicle owners who plan to use electrical vehicles. We perform a sensitivity analysis on different parameters of the model.