Optimization of electric vehicle charging stations in smart grids with fuzzy logic and integration into the distribution network

The transportation sector is experiencing rapid growth on a global scale. However, this expansion is accompanied by a range of issues. Among these issues, the persistent escalation of carbon emissions and energy consumption on a worldwide scale is particularly noteworthy. Presently, electric vehicles are acknowledged as the most viable solution for mitigating air pollution and curtailing fuel consumption. Enhancing the proportion of renewable energy in satisfying energy requisites, alongside augmenting the prevalence of electric vehicles in the realm of transportation, assumes a paramount role in abating global pollution and the phenomenon of global warming. Projections indicate a substantial surge in the quantity of electric vehicles in the imminent years. As electric vehicles progressively pervade the landscape, the concomitant charging infrastructure is emerging as a salient concern. The transition from fossil fuel-driven energy sources to electric power sources is anticipated to exert considerable strain on the power grid. Correspondingly, with the surge in electric vehicle numbers, this burden is poised to escalate directly, potentially engendering challenges in regions characterized by frail power grid configurations. In this research endeavor, an energy management algorithm grounded in fuzzy logic is postulated for electric vehicle charging stations. The principal aim of this study is to elucidate how a fuzzy logic-based framework can be harnessed to attain the optimal charging cost for electric vehicle charging stations, contingent upon diverse variables encompassing power demand, charging duration, and temporal charging patterns. The application of fuzzy optimization techniques yields distinct charging rates and attendant costs under varied conditions, thereby facilitating energy conservation. Moreover, this optimization approach serves to harmonize grid loads by incentivizing users to charge their vehicles during periods of reduced electricity consumption, consequently ameliorating grid stability.