Analysis of the use of PMDC and PM synchronous motor with the test system developed for electric vehicles for disabled people

In this thesis study, fault detection and test system was designed and realized for 3 and 4 wheels electric mobility scooter (EMS) models, which are a type of battery-operated wheelchairs. The system is composed of a test platform that enables measurement of vehicular velocity, a data acquisition card, and an interface prepared in the C# program. Using the data acquisition card, eight quantities, namely, battery and motor currents, battery and motor terminal voltages, wheel speed in revolution per minute, road slope, and ambient and motor temperatures, were measured instantaneously during the test procedure and transferred to a computer via a USB device. Using these data that were transferred, motor speed in revolution per minute, torque generated by the motor, motor shaft power, motor and driver efficiency, instantaneous velocity of the vehicle, and total distance covered information obtained from the moment the vehicle began to be used were computed in real time throughout the experiment in the interface prepared in the C#, and their graphs were drawn and recorded. Thus, the faults in the battery, motor, or driver of disabled vehicle (DV) were becoming easily detectable by means of tests and analyzes conducted under various conditions such as different ambient temperatures, different user weights, and roads with different slopes. It was demonstrated that the absolute encoders with analog output, which are generally used in angular position measurement, can also be used in speed measurement by a different method from those in the literature, and was introduced as M + ADC method to the literature. The average relative error, which was 4.91% when using only the frequency method in speed measurement, decreased to 0.08% when using the proposed new method. In the light of the data obtained by using the realized system, the behavior of the EMS driven by permanent magnet direct current (PMDC) motor at different load and road slopes and the regenerative braking effect were examined and analyzed. Then, permanent magnet (PM) synchronous motor was mounted instead of PMDC motor on the DV and a 4-wheeled DV, which has a single motor, was driven by PM synchronous motor at this thesis study at the first time in Turkey. Similar tests were performed for the vehicle driven by PM synchronous motor and energy consumption (Wh/km) values were obtained and compared for both vehicles. Tests on different slopes with users, which have different weights, have clearly demonstrated by experimental data the effects of user weight and road slope on energy consumption. Keywords: Battery-operated wheelchair, disabled vehicle, electric mobility scooter, measurement, M + ADC method, PMDC motor, PM synchronous motor