Basic circuit structure analysis terms of electromagnetic compatibility

Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) is the branch of electrical sciences which studies the unintentional generation of electromagnetic energy with reference to the unwanted effects (Electromagnetic interference EMI) that such energy may induce. The goal of EMC is the correct operation, in the same electromagnetic environment, of different equipment which use electromagnetic phenomena, and the avoidance of any interference effects [9]. In order to achieve this, EMC pursues two different kinds of issues. Emission issues are related to the unwanted generation of electromagnetic energy by some source, and to the countermeasures which should be taken in order to reduce such generation and to avoid the escape of any remaining energies into the external environment. Susceptibility or immunity issues, in contrast, refer to the correct operation of electrical equipment, referred to as the victim, in the presence of unplanned electromagnetic disturbances [9]. While electromagnetic interference (EMI) is a phenomenon as the radiation emitted and its effects, electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) is an equipment characteristic or property to not behave unacceptably in the EMI environment [9]. Until approximately 1970, radio frequency (RF) requirements were driven by military usage, and electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) efforts were conducted by the military and a few select industries. This was largely due to the fact that limited applications and high costs had kept the use of consumer electronics to a minimum. The past three decades, however, have seen a fundamental shift in this status quo. Starting with the emergence of the microprocessor in the mid-70s, commercial applications began to take the lead of technology development and the consumer market has grown exponentially [8]. Widespread use of electronics in both the military and private sectors has impacted the available use of the RF spectrum. As the demands for "connectivity" continue to grow, wireless capabilities are competing for the bandwidth necessary to handle the expanding flow of information society has come to expect. As consumer usage has come to drive electronic development, the military also finds itself in the position of adopting and adapting commercial technology [8]. Because of many systems that have become electronically controlled, electromagnetic compatibility issue is beginning stage of the basic circuit. Usually there is a main power component and control component in the system. Firstly, it is possible to design the power system. The switching components as transistors, MOSFETs, IGBTs and etc. are indispensable components of the power system. The most important source of electromagnetic noise consists of this switching elements in basic structure. Apart from that, there are important points about circuit design that need to be considered. Designing control system together with the power system is necessary to make design considering the electromagnetic effects. In addition, the power and control system integration must be carried out in terms of electromagnetic compatibility. In this study, we will try to describe electromagnetic noise problems and to specify precautions to be taken in basic level integrated circuits and we will do some experimental works in this direction.