Phytochemical and biological activity investigation of endemic Anthemis fumariifolia Boiss.

In this thesis study, comprehensive phytochemical and biological activity studies were conducted on the endemic plant Anthemis fumariifolia Boiss. For this purpose, n-hexane (HE), chloroform (KE), and methanol (ME) extracts of the plant were obtained using the maceration method, and the phytochemical content of the extracts was elucidated using the LC- HRMS system. The essential oil (UY) from the aerial parts of the plant was obtained by hydrodistillation. The composition of the essential oil was determined using a gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-FID/MS). The fixed oil of the plant was extracted using a Fatty Acids Extraction Kit (Sigma), and its phytochemical content was determined. After the extracts were derivatized, their contents were analyzed by GC/FID and GC/MS systems. The content of vitamins and carotenoids in the hexane extracts of the aboveground, flower and root parts of the plant were analyzed by UPC2-PDA system and mineral content was determined by ICP-OES system. The extracts and essential oil were subjected to various activity studies (DPPH, CUPRAC, TEAC, and Anti- α- amylase tests) and their biological properties were determined. In the study, 70% aqueous ME had the highest yield (5.15%). In the essential oil analysis, chamazulene (27.2%) and trans-chrysanthenyl acetate (20.5%) were identified as major compounds. Mineral analysis revealed that the highest levels of Na (4.9 mg/g), Mg (2.1 mg/g), and Ca (3.7 mg/g) were found in the flower extract, while K (19.9 mg/g) was most abundant in the root extract. The presence of phytochemically important compounds such as hexadecanoic acid methyl ester, β-sitosterol and nonacosan were detected in fixed oil analysis, and chlorogenic acid and vanillic acid in LC-HRMS analysis. In biological activity tests, both UY and ME exhibited high antioxidant capacity. In anti--amylase enzyme inhibition, KE, ME and UY showed high activity, while HE had the lowest effect