The pharmaceutical botanical investigations on the endemic Asperula lilaciflora subsp. phrygia (bornm.) schönb.-tem. and Asperula pestalozzae boiss. (rubiaceae)

In this study, Asperula pestalozzae Boiss. endemic species and Asperula lilaciflora subsp. phrygia (Born.) Schönb.-Tem. endemic subspecies in Rubiaceae are investigated in aspects of pharmaceutical botany, morphological, anatomical, trichomes, palynological and chemical (antioxidant activity and total amount of phenolic substance) characteristics of these species presented in the first time detail. Morphological studies have given detailed descriptions of the species, supported by drawings and photographs. Detailed examination was made in SEM for trichomes morphology, and the structure and distribution of the trichomes in vegetative and generative organs were given. In anatomic studies, cross-section from the root, stem, seed; transverse and superficial sections from the leaf were taken and anatomical structures were illuminated. In the palynological studies, samples were photographed on SEM and their palynological properties were determined. In chemical studies, total amount of phenolic substance and antioxidant activities of species were analyzed. Antioxidant properties of methanol extracts were investigated by the 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radical scavenging effect and 2,2'-azino-bis-3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid radical cation (ABTS•+) scavenging effect. According to chemical results, DPPH• scavenging effect and total phenolic substance amounts of Asperula pestalozzae species is more than Asperula lilaciflora subsp. phrygia. ABTS•+ scavenging effect increases in direct proportionally to the concentration of methanol extracts.