The evaluation of immunohistochemical expression of glypican3, GLUT1, galektin3 and GATA3 between endometrial carcinoma and precancerous lesions

Aim: Glypican3, Galectin3, GLUT1 and GATA3 have been shown to function in cellular maturation, neoplastic transformation, tumor progression and in metastatic spread. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between Glypican3, Galectin3, GLUT1 and GATA3 expression and clinicopathologic factors in endometrial carcinoma and hyperplasias. Materials and Methods: The studied materials were obtained from the archieve of Medical Faculty of Düzce University between 2010- 2014. The materials comprised samples of 22 TAH and 85 endometrial curettage which have been diagnosed as endometrial carcinoma and endometrial hyperplasia. The diagnosis is confirmed on H&E sections. Immunohistochemical analysis with Glypican3, Galectin3, GLUT1 and GATA3 was performed. The data regarding the clinical and pathological characteristics of the patients was obtained from the medical records. Results: The percentage of Glypican3 expression was found to be significantly higher in endometrioid carcinomas when compared to endometrial hyperplasia and normal endometrium. The Gylpican 3 staining was increased with increasing tumor grade (p=<0.05). In high grade endometrioid carcinomas, galectin3 immunostaining was detected in the nuclei. Decreased stromal staining of galectin3 was observed, while increasing tumor grade . Endometrioid carcinoma and atypical endometrial hyperplasias were shown to be more related to higher GLUT1 immunostaining than non-atypical hyperplasias. There was a correlation between ki67 index and GLUT1 (r=0,25,p=0,008). Only endometrioid carcinoma and atypical endometrial hyperplasias were shown to have GATA3 expression. The percentage of staining was similar to each other (9,5%, 5,0%). Conclusion: Glypcan3 expression is a strong evidence for endometrial carcinoma in differential diagnosis of carcinoma and hyperplasias and can be used as a prognostic factor. Expression of galectin3 in endometrioid carcinoma was observed in heterogeneous pattern. We suggested that evaluating galectin3 in tumor cells according to the combination models such as epithelial-stromal and cytoplasmic-nuclear in pathology report serves as a prognostic factor GLUT1 expression has value in differential diagnosis of atypical-nonatypical hyperplasias. We considered reporting intensity of GLUT1 would also be useful for clinical practice and radiology. There is no benefit of GATA3 expression in differentiating endometrial carcinoma and hyperplasia. Loss of GATA3 is found to be related to the results in increased tumor grade in endometrial carcinoma. KEYWORDS, Endometrioid Carcinoma, GLUT1, Galectin3, Glypican3, GATA3