Beseeching literature in Andalusia

This study seeks to define the type of literature that the writers of Andalusia relied on to perform their role in defending their homeland after the division of the Islamic state in Andalusia and the beginning of the Christian attacks. Beseeching literature is the literature that is written to ask for help after the weakness of the Taifa kingdoms in Andalusia, and the incident that started the attacks on Andalusia was the Barbastro incident in the city of Zaragoza in the year 456 AH / 1064 AD. So the limits of our study will be from this year until the fall of Granada, the last Andalusia city in the year 897 AH / 1492 AD. This study was based on the analytical inductive method. Therefore, we sought to trace the poetry and letters of seeking help literature in Andalusia during this period, and then analyze it to find out its artistic and stylistic characteristics. We also tried to introduce the most famous writers and poets and mention their contributions to seeking help literature. The study concluded that this type of literature was called by several names, including appeal and alertness, and we chose to call it the literature of beseeching (istisrâh) because of its strong meaning that expresses the pain experienced by the help seeker. The beseeching literature came mixed between poetry and prose, and most of the writers of that era had effectively performed their duty to protect Islam, and some of them were ambassadors inside and outside Andalusia, also the most famous of the beseeching literature writers were those who carried out official duties in Andalusia as ministers or ambassadors. Linguistically, including the absence of colloquial words, and its vocabulary varied between the vocabulary of feelings of sympathy and mercy with nice meanings, and vocabulary expressing wars and jihad with strong meanings. It also came mixed between indicative style and imperative style, and the use of ready-made methods from the Qur'an, proverbs, and wisdom, as it appears to us that Andalusia literature is closely related to the era, as all political, religious and other events affected it. It also highlights the reliance on the Islamic religion in the beseeching literature, because most of the helping seekers were in support of the Islamic religion. It also became clear to us why the Beseeching literature was mixed with other literary styles, the Lamentations and descriptions came to explain the reasons for shouting, while praise, enthusiasm, and satire are motives to encourage help. The lament and description came to clarify the reasons for seeking help, and praise, enthusiasm, and satire are to motivate and encourage the potential helper, it also became clear to us the importance of separating these literature styles, it is not correct to mention that a poem is in lamentation or description without mentioning that it also included the beseeching literature. In the end, we recommend researchers to pay attention to this literature style, especially researchers who write in Turkish language because we could not reach any source in Turkish language talking about this style of literature. we also recommend collecting the beseeching literature poems and prose in one source, to be easily accessible and to prove what Muslims suffered in that period from Crusader terror.