The first major fitna period in Andalusian Umayyads

Muslims completed the conquest of Spain, which they stepped in in 92/711, in 3 years a very short time. Then they started to rule Andalusia through governors sent from Damascus, and in 139/756 they established the Andalusian Umayyad State. While it has not been a century since the establishment of the state, a period called "Fitna Period" started in the sources with a series of internal confusion and uprisings during the 3rd century. The uprisings that first started in Tuleytula spread to all regions except the capital, Kurtuba, and reached the level that would shake the political authority of the state. The Umayyad administration had to deal with multiple groups claiming independence by refusing to pay taxes to the state. This situation paved the way for the Christian powers who had the opportunity from internal confusion to attack the Umayyads. The aim of this study is to reveal the first major fitna period that brought the state to the brink of disintegration with its causes and consequences in the context of political history.