Optimisation of molten carbonate fuel cell

The high energy losses and environmental issues caused by conventional methods used in energy production necessitate the development of more sustainable and efficient technologies. This study examines the design and performance of a combined cycle system integrating a gas turbine (GT), a direct internal reforming molten carbonate fuel cell (DIR-MCFC), and a Rankine cycle (RC), referred to as the GT/DIR-MCFC/RC combined cycle system. DIR-MCFCs offer high efficiency in energy conversion by directly reforming fossil fuels at high temperatures and minimizing energy losses by reutilizing the waste heat and gases from the gas turbine exhaust. The performance of the system was evaluated through a detailed optimization process, beginning with the analysis of a standalone DIR-MCFC and concluding with the integration of the Rankine cycle. The maximum energy efficiency of the GT/DIR-MCFC system was determined to be 34.03%, which increased to 54.38% with the integration of the Rankine cycle. Furthermore, the exhaust gas temperature of the system was reduced from 632.29°C to 115.12°C, enabling efficient recovery of waste heat. With an energy efficiency of 54.38% and an exergy efficiency of 52.09%, the GT/DIR-MCFC/RC system demonstrates exceptional performance in energy conversion and stands out as a strong candidate for sustainable energy production due to its success in reducing carbon emissions. The data obtained from this study provide valuable insights for future energy production technologies, offering guidance in reducing environmental impacts while enhancing energy efficiency.