Foreign policy of the early Byzantine Empire (330-717)

The early Byzantine Empire covers the period from the 4th to the 7th century AD, and continues with the division of the Roman Empire. Byzantine foreign policy during this period was shaped by many factors and led to the implementation of different strategies. One of the main objectives of early Byzantine foreign policy was to protect the borders of the empire and ensure its territorial integrity. Byzantium had to fight against various enemies in the east and west, especially Sassanids and barbarian tribes. The Sassanid empire was Byzantium's biggest rival and frequently caused wars. These wars strained the military power and economic resources of the empire, but in some periods they resulted in Byzantine victories and new territorial gains. In the same period, the raids of barbarian tribes also posed a significant challenge for Byzantium. Tribes such as Goths, Vandals, Lombards and Huns took advantage of the weak periods of the Roman Empire and headed towards its borders. In order to deal with these groups, Byzantium not only took military measures but also tried to improve relations through diplomatic means. Methods such as making alliances and signing peace treaties with various tribes played an important role in foreign policy. This strategic diplomacy was used effectively to protect Byzantium's borders and maintain a certain balance. On the other hand, one of the most remarkable factors of the period was the strengthening of Christianity. With Constantine I's adoption of Christianity as the official religion, this belief system had a significant impact on Byzantium's internal and external relations. The conversion to Christianity was not only a religious conversion but also a political strategy. The Byzantine Empire sought solidarity against its enemies by cooperating with Christian communities. As a religious unifier, Christianity became one of the cornerstones of foreign policy. This situation both increased Byzantium's internal peace and strengthened its relations with neighboring Christian states.