Synthronon in the Anatolian churches of Early and Middle Byzantine Period (A.D.4-12)

This research on the synthronon in Early and Middle Byzantine churches aims to examine the synthronon as a liturgical institution in all its aspects. The synthronon, which gained importance with the spread of Christianity and had precursor examples from the early period, continued its symbolic existence until the end of the Byzantine Empire. The research deals with the development and history of the synthronon, its liturgical use, its relationship with other architectural arrangements within the church, its typological characteristics through examples from the Byzantine world, determining its characteristics in the Mediterranean world, establishing a typology for Anatolia and determining regional differences. The research establishes the Byzantine synthronon typology through the surviving examples in Anatolia and is the first study on the synthronon typology for Anatolia. Within the scope of the research; the change in the liturgical traditions from the 3rd century A.D. to the 12th century, from the earliest religious rules that began to be established in Christianity to the practices of the Late Byzantine Period, has been tried to be explained. In addition to all these; the direct or indirect reflections of the changes in traditions on architecture were also taken into consideration and included in the scope of the research and detailed information on the subject was given. As a result, it is seen that the synthronon has a structure that is shaped by liturgical traditions in every aspect and changes according to purpose of use.