Investigation of the biological activities of eryngium billardieri plant extracts

The aim of this study was to determine the antioxidant, antimicrobial activities of aqueous and methanol extracts of Eryngium billardieri and tyrosinase, acetylcholinesterase, butyrylcholinesterase, α-amylase and α-glucosidase inhibitory activities. Ferric ion reducing antioxidant power (FRAP), radical cleaning activity (DPPH) and copper ion reducing antioxidant power (CUPRAC) tests were studied spectrophotometrically in aqueous and methanol extracts of E. billardieri. Antimicrobial activity was tested by agar well diffusion method. Enzyme inhibitions, total phenolic and flavanoid substance amounts were determined spectrophotometrically. Total amounts of phenolic and flavanoid substance amounts of aqueous extract of E. billardieri were found to be 157.02±0.51 mg GAE/g sample, 18.08±3.45 mg QE/g sample, respectively. Methanol extract were determined as 338.11±0.93 mg GAE/g sample, 24.07±2.58 mg QE/g sample, respectively. FRAP results were found as 358.67±0.91 μmol trolox/g sample in aqueous extract and 687.67±1.98 μmol trolox/g sample in methanol extract. CUPRAC results were determined as 748.67±1.67 μM trolox/g sample in aqueous extract and 938.67±2.39 μM trolox/g sample in methanol extract. E. billardieri's methanol extract (SC50: 0.1162±0.028 mg/mL) was found to have higher radical scavenging activity than aqueous extract (SC50: 0.2677±0.020 mg/mL). The aqueous extract of the plant showed no antimicrobial activity compared to the standards. However, the methanol extract was showed moderately antimicrobial activity against E. coli, Y. pseudotuberculosis, K. pneumonia, P. aeruginosa, S. aureus, E. faecalis, B. cereus, M. smegmatis, C. albicans, C. tropicalis and S. cerevisiae. The tyrosinase inhibitory activities of aqueous and methanolic extract of E. billardieri were found to be 125.89±2.45 μg/mL and 15.14±2.14 μg/mL. The acetylcholinesterase inhibition IC50 values of aqueous and methanolic extract of E. billardieri were found to be 81.28±2.51 and 20.42±1.21 µg/mL. Butyrcholineesterase inhibition IC50 values were 75.86±2.37 and 117.49±2.42 µg/mL, respectively. α-Amylase inhibition IC50 values of aqueous and methanolic extract of E. billardieri were determined as 173.78±3.75 and 107.15±3.07 μg/mL, respectively. α-Glucosidase inhibition IC50 values were found to be 269.15±2.54 and 147.91±1.97 μg/mL, respectively. It was concluded that E. billardieri can be used in pharmacological, cosmetic and food industries. Keywords: Antioxidant, Antimicrobial Activity, Eryngium billardieri, Flavonoid