Research of Tilia flos drugs in Eskisehir herbal market related to pharmacopeia and compositions of essential oil

Tilia argentea, Tilia rubra trees are growing wild in all forests of Eskişehir and Tilia platyphyllos in Gökçekaya. Examine under microscope the adaxial epidermis of T. cordata and T. argentea bracts showed cells with slightly sinuous anticlinal walls and abaxial epidermis cells showed cells with wavy-sinuous anticlinal walls and anomocytic stomata. Whereas adaxial epidermis of T. rubra bracts showed cells with straight. The adaxial epidermis of T. rubra, T. cordata and T. argentea sepals beared bent, thick-walled covering trichomes, unicellular or stellate with up to 4-6 cells (T. cordata, T. rubra) or else with up to 9 cells (T. argentea). The foreign matter of Bursa T. argentea sample was the only sample below the limit of maximum 2 percent determined in European Pharmacopoeia 8.0. Total ash, acid-insoluble ash and loss on drying contents were acceptable in accordance with EP. The percentage of the inflorescences and bracts of the samples was 53-70% and the essential oils content of T. cordata, T. argentea and T. rubra were found to be 0.02, 0.02 and 0.01-0.03 %. The main metabolites of hydro-distilled sample Düzce T.c. oil were tricosane 28%, heneicosane 18.5%, nonacosane 12.6%, hexadecanoic acid 8%, pentacosane 6%, hexahydrofarnesyl acetone 6 % respectively, In Eskişehir, Manisa, Balıkesir, Amasya T. rubra samples, tricosane (22, 29, 42, 25%), hexadecanoic acid (22, 17, 7, 26%), kaur-16-ene (11, 6, 3, 0%), hexahydrofarnesyl acetone (8, 7, 8, 6%), heneicosane (7, 9, 12, 14 %), pentacosane (7, 7, 11, 6%) were the major constituents of the essential oils whereas in Bursa and Kütahya T. argentea contained hexadecanoic acid (31, 40%), tricosane (21, 12%), hexahydrofarnesyl acetone (14, 7%), pentacosane (7, 4%), cumin aldehyde (0, 7%), linoleic acid (5, 4%).