In vitro cytogenetic effects in human peripheral lymphocytes of the extract obtained from Euphorbia sp. aerial parts

This study was carried out to reveal the cytogenotoxic effects of the water extract obtained from the aerial parts of the herbaceous Euphorbia grisophylla plant. All of the experimental studies were carried out in vitro based on the method of short-term treatment with subtoxic doses of the test substance. Micronucleus (MN) and comet (comet) tests were performed on human peripheral lymphocytes, and the Ames reversion test was performed with auxotrophic mutant strains of S. typhimurium (TA98 and TA100). Human peripheral lymphocyte cultures were exposed to 0.625, 1.25, or 2.5 mg/mL concentrations of the plant extract for the MN test for 24 or 48 hours, and for the comet test, lymphocytes were exposed to the same doses for 1 hour. In the Ames test, cultures of mutant strains were exposed to concentrations of 0.315, 0.625, 1.25, 2.5 and 5 mg/Petri of test substance for 72 hours. In addition, oxidative stress parameters were determined by colorimetric methods in the supernatant fluid taken from lymphocyte cultures exposed to the test substance for 24/48 hours. In the study, the highest concentration of the extract (2.5 mg/mL) significantly increased the MN rates in the 24-hour treatment compared to the untreated control, while this increase was significant at 1.25 and 2.5 mg/mL concentrations in the 48-hour treatment. The ratios of binuclear cells containing MN are similar to the ratios of MN. When the nuclear division index (NDI) was evaluated, statistical significance was found at all concentrations in the 24-hour treatment, while significant cytotoxicity was detected in the 48-hour treatment except the lowest concentration. Although a slight increase was observed in the damaged cell ratio (DCR) and genetic damage index (GDI) values as a result of test substance treatment in the comet test, the increases detected only at 1.25 mg/mL and 2.5 mg/mL concentrations were significant compared to the control. The GHI detected at the highest concentration was found to be significantly higher even than the positive control. There was no statistically significant difference in Ames test results and oxidative stress parameters compared to controls. KeysWords: E. grisophylla, Micronucleus (MN) test, Ames/Salmonella test, Comet test