Experimental investigation of masonry wall strengthening with trm under out-of-plane effects

This study addresses the out-of-plane collapse mechanism occurring in medium-sized masonry panels frequently encountered during earthquakes. The absence of reinforcement within the masonry wall units compromises their ability to withstand out-of-plane loads. An observation survey was conducted to assess the damage to construction in the regions affected by the earthquake in Kahramanmaraş on February 6, 2023. Accordingly, one of the most common failure modes that occurred in masonry stock was out-of-plane failure. A comprehensive survey within the literature executed at the beginning of the study revealed that the physical classification of the applied strengthened, for instance, variation in mechanical properties of reinforcement components, the spacing of the strips applied, and the incorporation of anchoring mechanisms were the most essential factors for maximizing specimens' capacity. Recently, strengthening with TRM is a strengthening method that has become common. In this study a total of nineteen masonry panels with dimensions of 100 x 410 x 1200 mm, 1:3 scale were manufactured. One of the specimen panels was control specimen and it wasn't strengthened. The other specimens were strengthened with three different types of TRM (basalt, glass, and carbon). Besides the textile type, the number of strips (1, 2, and full wrap) and existing of anchorage were selected as variables. In the manufacturing of masonry panels, solid brick with dimensions of 50 x 100 x 200 mm, and high repair mortar were used. A three-point bending test was applied to the specimens under constant velocity static loading and the results were evaluated in terms of maximum load carrying capacity, displacement at maximum load, stiffness and energy dissipation capacity. According to the results obtained from the study, it was concluded that strengthening of masonry panels with TRM is very effective against the out-of-plane collapse mechanism.