Investigation of anticancer effects of flower shaped hybrid nanostructures obtained from different plant and lichen extracts and evaluation from molecular biological perspective

Nanoparticles are structures that have dimensions on the nanometer scale and, due to these properties, offer various possibilities for a number of industrial, medical and scientific applications. This makes it possible to compartmentalize nanoparticles in many areas such as drug development, planning techniques, catalysis, energy storage and sensor technologies. Biological synthesis of nanoparticles refers to the production of nanoparticles through the use of biological organisms or their components. This method offers an environmentally friendly and effective approach as an alternative to traditional chemical synthesis methods. Biological synthesis; It usually contains information about biological agents obtained from the extract of plants, herbs, lichens, fungi or other microorganisms. In particular, plant extracts and lichens ensure the existence of nanoparticles by reducing or precipitating the metal salts necessary for nanoparticle synthesis. This product; Clodonia foliacea analogue and pomegranate peel extract were used for the biological synthesis of copper-nano-flower composite component. The effects of the synthesized copper-nano-flower composite on cancer cells (DLD-1 colon cancer and CCD18-Co healthy colon system) were determined by monitoring the changes in the expression level of CYP1A1 and BCL-2 genes involved in the cancer pathway. Expression changes of CYP1A1 and BCL-2 genes were determined in the view of DLD-1 and CCD18-Co applied with nanoparticles according to the doses recorded in the MTT analysis. When the results were evaluated, the application of Cu-flower-shaped nanoparticles obtained from C. foliacea lichen and pomegranate peel increased the BCL-2 and CYP1A1 gene groups at all concentrations compared to the control rates. In addition, the expression of BCL-2 and CYP1A1 genes, which were more expressed in all regions and are effective in unscheduled cell proliferation, which is seen in the risk of cancer, was changed due to the application. However, this observed change needs to be evaluated through a series of studies conducted on different cell lines.