Evaluation of surface roughness and color stability of restorative materials soaked in different beverages

Aim: The aim of this study is to examine in vitro the color and surface roughness changes that occur when flowable and conventional composite resins with different filling contents are subjected to soaking, brushing and thermal aging procedures in different beverages, simulating 1-year clinical intraoral conditions. Materials and Methods: Charisma Smart (Kulzer Dental, Germany), Charisma Flow (Kulzer Dental, Germany), 3M Filtek Ultimate Universal (3M ESPE, USA), 3M Filtek Ultimate Flowable (3M ESPE, USA), Omnichroma (Tokuyama Dental, Japan) ), Omnichroma Flow (Tokuyama Dental, Japan), Beautifil II (Shofu Dental, Germany), Beautifil Flow Plus F00 (Shofu Dental, Germany), a total of 320 samples were prepared using 8 different composite resins (n=40). The prepared samples were kept in an oven at 37 °C in distilled water for 24 hours, then finishing and polishing processes were carried out. The samples were kept in distilled water, wine, coffee and tea for 12 days. Samples removed from the solutions were subjected to 10000 cycles of brushing simulation and 10000 cycles of thermal cycling procedures. Profilometer and spectrophotometer measurements of all samples were made at the beginning (t0) and at the end of the applied procedures (t1). After color measurements, ∆E values were calculated according to CIEDE2000 and CIELab color systems. Analysis of the data obtained from the study was performed with IBM SPSS V23. For statistical analysis, 3-way analysis of variance, Tukey test, and intraclass correlation coefficient were used. Significance level was taken as P<0.05. Results: In the study, a decrease in L* values and an increase in a* and b* values were observed in all groups. The mean color change values differed significantly according to the groups, solutions, types and interactions with each other (P<0.001). The highest color change value was found in the OMN group in composites. While the most color change was observed in the wine group according to the solutions, it was observed the least in the distilled water group. When evaluated according to types, less color change was observed in flowable composites compared to conventional composites. Correlation was determined in ∆E values obtained according to CIEDE2000 and CIELab systems, excluding OMN conventional and fluid in the wine group. In the study, a significant difference was found between the t0 time slots and the t0-t1 time slots in terms of surface roughness values. Conclusion: It was observed that the filling content of the composite resins, their viscosities, the solutions they were exposed to and their interactions with each other were effective in the color and surface roughness of the composites. While it was determined that the factor that had the most effect on the color change of composite resins was the solution, and the second factor was the composite group, it was concluded that the factor that had the most effect on the surface roughness was the composite group, and the effects of the solutions and the composite type were low.