Comparative evaluation of cytotoxicity of different root canal sealers by cell culture method

The sealers are used to obturate the root canals, during the final stage of endodontic treatment.The success of the biocompatibility releated to the treatment of root canal filling material with periradicular tissues is very important. The aim of this study is to compare the cytotoxic effect of 5 root canal sealers (Sealapex, Apexit Plus, AH Plus, MTA-Fillapex, TotalFill BC Sealer) on human periodontal ligament fibroblast. In the study, human periodontal ligament fibroblast cell differentiated from dental pulp stem cell was used. The sealers were mixed and allowed to be prepared for 24 hours. After setting for 24 h to obtain the extract, the sealers were covered with culture medium.The extract from root canal sealers were diluated to 1:0, 1:1, 1:2, 1:4, 1:8 ratios. Culture medium was used as the control group. Cells (1x10³) were seeded in each well of a 96-well and 8-well plates and incubated for 48 h at 37. Cells were than exposed to the extract medium for 24 h and 72 h. The viability of cell and death toll rates were assessed by MTT and rates of apoptosis by TUNEL. In all materials, the toxicity of the material is higher when the metarial is exposed to 72 h compared to 24h. In all groups, the highest cytotoxicity appears in AH Plus; MTA-Fillapex; Apexit Plus; Sealapex, respectively and the lowest cytotoxicity was observed in TotalFill BC Sealer. As a result it was considered that TotalFill BC Sealer had lowest cytotoxic potantial when compared to other sealers so it can be considered as biocompatible.