Production and characterization of bacterial cellulose using bacteria isolated from different sources

With the research and advancement of technology, it has been determined that pure cellulose can be produced by some special bacteria without plants. In addition to the fact that cellulose can be obtained in pure form, research on this subject is increasing day by day, considering its properties such as high water retention capacity. In this study, the ability of bacteria to produce BC, isolated and purified from household vinegar made from Amasya Apple, soil and kombocha tea from Amasya province, was determined after 10 days of incubation by planting them in Hestrin-Schramm medium. At the end of incubation, the isolates that formed pellets on the media were determined as positive in terms of cellulose production, and the cellulose production properties were compared between the isolates. In the isolation study conducted from apple cider vinegar, 39 bacteria were isolated and 15 of them produced cellulose, a total of 15 bacteria were isolated from soil and 4 of them produced cellulose, and 22 bacteria were isolated from kombucha tea and 8 of them produced bacterial cellulose. The isolates coded NBY-T7, NBY-E10, NBY-K1 that produced the best bacterial cellulose from each of soil, vinegar and kombucha tea were selected. The wet weight of the bacterial cellulose produced by the NBY-T7 isolate is 4.01 g/100ml and its dry weight is 0.056 g, the wet weight of the bacterial cellulose produced by the NBY-E10 isolate is 11.22 g/100ml and its dry weight is 0.123g, and the wet weight of the bacterial cellulose produced by the NBY-K1 isolate is 8.5 g/100ml. Its dry weight is 0.09g when it is 100ml. Water retention capacities were determined as 90.78% (NBY-T7), 98.9% (NBY-E10), 96.23% (NBY-K1), respectively. The MALDI TOF diagnostic results of these selected isolates are; It was identified as Enterobacter cloacae 13159_1 CHB (NBY-7T), Bacillus amyloliquefaciens ssp plantarum CICC 23985 b CICCC (NBY-E10) and Bacillus cereus DSM 31T DSM (NBY-K1). With the study, bacterial cellulose with high water retention capacity was obtained. Identification of the produced BCs was carried out by FTIR analysis and SEM imaging method. With the next studies, the potential of bacteria to produce BC at different pH and temperature can be determined.