Effects of different salinity and irrigation levels on shoot and root development of some quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.) genotypes

Quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.) is a plant that is resistant to adverse environmental conditions such as salinity and drought. However, this resistance varies depending on genotypes. For this reason, it is useful to determine the resistance of different genotypes to salinity and drought. This study was planned to determine shoot and root growth of different quinoa genotypes at different salinity and irrigation levels. The research was carried out in three different experiments in the laboratory and greenhouses of the Faculty of Agriculture of Atatürk University. Four populations and 11 varieties with different origins were used in the experiments. In the germination test germination rate, germination time and sensitivity index values were determined using 6 different salt concentrations (0, 100, 200, 300, 400 and 500 mM NaCl). Studies conducted to determine the effects of salinity (0, 100, 200, 300, 400 and 500 mM NaCl) and drought (irrigation at field capacity, irrigation at 50, 25, 10 and 5 percent of field capacity) during the seedling period, shoot and root length, shoot and root dry weight, root/shoot rates and percentage tolerance values were determined. The experiments were carried out according to the completely randomized design. Germination rate, germination time and germination sensitivity index value of quinoa were varied according to salinity levels and genotypes. As the concentration of salt increases, the rate of germination decreases and the duration of germination increases. Increased salt concentration reduces shoot and root length and dry weights. Titicaca and French Vanilla varieties were found as varieties with the highest percentage of salt tolerance values. As the level of irrigation reduces, lengths and dry weights of shoots and root and tolerance percentages values are reduced. The root/shoot rate was higher in irrigation application at 50% of field capacity. The Q-52 has been identified as the variety with the highest percentage of drought tolerance value.