Evaluation of clinical findings of cases diagnosed with febrile seizure

Introduction: Febrile seizure; it is the most common neurological disorder in children between the ages of 1 month to 5 years; it is also the most common type of seizure. Febrile seizure affects 2-5 % of all children. In this study, existing patients who were admitted to the pediatric neurology outpatient clinic with the diagnosis of febrile seizure and were followed up were retrospectively scanned; the aim was to evaluate the clinical findings of the patients and determine the risk factors. Material-Methods: Patients diagnosed with febrile seizure who applied to Afyonkarahisar Health Sciences University Faculty of Medicine Child Neurology Department Polyclinic between January 2018 and August 2023 were included in the study. Patients with CNS infection findings (meningitis, encephalitis) were not included in the study. In the FC patient group, 208 patients were included in the study. Demographic and clinical characteristics of all patients included in the study and followed up with a diagnosis of FC were evaluated retrospectively according to age at admission, family history, consanguineous marriage, febrile seizure type, relationship with epilepsy, EEG, neuroimaging, triggering infection, hemogram, blood vitamin B12, vitamin D, ferritin, electrolyte levels, seasonal distribution, prenatal and postnatal risk factors. Findings: : Of the patients followed up at the Pediatric Neurology outpatient clinic due to febrile seizure, 56,73% were boys and 43,2% were girls, and the average age of the patients was 21,71±13,73 months. The average patient follow-up period was found to be 37,50±21,62 months. 56,7% of the patients had simple febrile seizure (SFS), 30,2% had complex febrile seizure (CFS) (repeated within 24 hours), 10,5% had CFS (longer than 15 minutes) and 2% had 4 of them were found to have CFS (recurring within 24 hours and lasting >15 minutes). It was determined that 18,2% of the patients had prolonged febrile seizures, 52,4% had 2-4 recurrent seizures, and 18,7% had >5 recurrences. In the family history of the patients, it was determined that 3,6% were relatives and 8,7% were from the same village. When we look at the accompanying infections of the patients, the three most common observed infections were URTI (65,76%), URTI and LRTI (10,87%), URTI and AOM (7%) respectively. When the EEG results were evaluated, %78,91 were found to be normal. In neuroimaging, %68,13 were found to be normal. Prophylaxis was given to %37,02 of the patients. As prophylaxis, 76,62% were given levetiracetam, 15,58% were given rectal diazepam, and 7,79% were given valproate. Hemogram values ​​of 48,22% of the patients were found to be normal. Leukocytosis was observed in 34,52% of the patients' hemogram values. It was determined that 11,79% of the 11 patients had mild hyponatremia, 95,68% had normal thyroid function test values, and 7,18% were hyperglycemic. It was found that 18,18% of the patients vitamin B12 levels were between 200-299 ng/L, and 10,3% were <200 ng/L. A statistically significant difference was found in terms of vitamin B12 deficiency between patients diagnosed with simple and complex FS (p=0,028). Ferritin levels of 94,16% of the patients were found to be normal. It was observed that 16,52% of the patients had insufficient vitamin D levels and 16,52% were deficient. When looking at the seasonal distribution, the most common season was winter with a rate of 40,38%. When the prenatal history of the patients was examined, it was seen that 97,1% of them had no features, and when the postnatal history was evaluated, 84,54% of them had no features. Conclusion: Since vitamin B12 deficiency is common in CFS, vitamin B12 level should be considered among the tests that should be requested. Keywords: Febrile seizure, Simple febrile seizure, Complex febrile seizure.