Reevaluation of Stoic philosophy in the context of philosophical counseling and developing a scale of Stoic attitudes and behaviors

With this thesis, we determined the general framework of philosophical counseling and revealed the importance of Stoic philosophy for this counseling. We also developed the Stoic Attitudes and Behaviors Scale. In the philosophical counseling section; we have revealed what this counseling is, its differences from psychological counseling and its methods, if any. We tried to show that philosophical counseling can cope with people's daily problems with Stoic philosophical methods. We considered philosophical counseling together with Stoic philosophy, because we can see the origins of philosophical counseling that emerged at the end of the 20th century in Stoic philosophy. The Stoic philosophy, which lasts for more than five hundred years, has a philosophy that offers practical and everyday solutions. In particular, the Stoic of the Last Period represents a period that produces solutions to the problems of life that people face through philosophy. The leading philosophers are; Seneca, Epictetus and Aurelius. In our study, we have included philosophical counseling as an introduction before starting the Stoic philosophy. Here we have discussed the establishment and development of philosophical counseling. Philosophical consultancy, which started in Germany in the 1980s under the leadership of Achenbach, later gained a wide place in countries such as the USA, the Netherlands, France and Sweden, and started to develop in our country after the 2000s. This development has gained a great momentum, especially thanks to the graduate and doctorate studies carried out in universities. Because philosophical counseling is an option for problems that can be solved without the need for drugs and other applications. With this thesis, we aim to contribute to the philosophical counseling process in our country. The point that makes this thesis different is that we have developed a scale that has not yet been developed in this field. Thanks to the Stoic Attitudes and Behaviors Scale, it will be possible to measure the effects of philosophical counseling sessions. We think that this scale will contribute both to our country and to those who are interested in this field in the world.