Investigation of superficial peroneal nerve in fetuses

Superficial peroneal nerve (SPN) contributes significantly to the sensory innervation of the distal of anterior-lateral aspect of the leg and the dorsum of foot. Differences in the branching pattern of the nerve after penetration the deep fascia of leg (DFL), and the localization where it pierces the DFL may cause iatrogenic damage. The aim is to examine the morphometric and morphological features of the sensory branches of the leg of SPN in fetuses. In the study, 52 lower extremities of 26 fetuses (gestational ages 19-36 weeks, 15 female and 11 male) were dissected. The course of the SPN from the point where it pierced the DFL and superficial to the ankle was revealed, typified, and morphometric measurements were made. Statistical analysis of the obtained data was performed. It was determined that SPN showed 3 branching patterns as Type A (48.08%), Type B (32.69%) and Type C (19.23%). It was determined that 73.08% of these types were bilateral. In 19.23% of the cases, intermediate dorsal cutaneous nerve (IDCN) is not developed. Penetration point of nerves from intermalleolar line averaged 10.48±3.6 mm (min; 0-max; 19) for SNP, It was determined as 9.48±4.79 mm for medial dorsal cutaneous nerve (MDCN) and 8±2.4 mm for IDCN . 96.15% of SPN is in the distal third of the leg, 3.85% in the middle third; MDCN and IDCN pierced the DFL in the distal third of the leg in 100%. This study provides quantitative data on the branching pattern and guide points of the SPN or terminal branches. Differences in the distribution pattern of SPN, asymmetry between the sides, and the localization where it punctures the DFL should be considered in nerve grafting or other surgical applications. It is thought that this study will contribute to the literature on SPN of fetuses, and this information will also be a guide in childhood. Keywords: Fetus, superficial peroneal nerve, variaton