The effect of ficus carica plant fruit extract on apoptotic induction of MG-63 bone cancer cell line

Osteosarcoma is a bone cancer that affects childhood and adolescence. Resistance to chemotherapy is a major obstacle in the treatment of osteosarcoma. Programmed cell death or apoptosis; play an important role in the inactivation of cancer development. The suppressor effects of Ficus carica (fig) in cancer have been investigated in recent years. In our study, apoptotic effect was observed by applying Ficus carica fruit extract to the bone cancer cell line MG-63 and healthy bone cell line hFOB. Protocol analysis of Ficus carica plant fruit extract was determined by HPLC analysis. It was found that the fruit extract of Ficus carica with MTT method did not have a toxic effect on the healthy cell and it led to the death of the cancer cell. The Ficus carica plant were found to be significant in the LDH method after the fruit extract was applied to the cell lines (p=0.030). DNA fragmentation in MG-63 was determined histologically by TUNEL method. Expression of proapoptotic genes and caspases were analyzed by qRT-PCR. The change in expression of the proapoptotic gene Bak (p=0.007), initiator and effector caspases was significant (caspase-3 p=0.000, caspase-8 p=0.028, caspase-9 p=0.030). Analysis results showed that the fruit extract of Ficus carica plant leads to apoptosis by activating the bone cancer cell line in both internal and external pathways. Flow cytometry was used to analyze the cell cycle of the cancer cell during apoptosis. As a result of the analysis, no significant change was observed in both cell lines (G1 stage p=0.976, S stage p=0.131, G2 stage p=0.554). Keywords: Apoptosis, bone cancer, ficus carica