Investigation of the axial compression test of filament-wound glass fiber reinforced pipe material

This study aims to examine the mechanical behavior of composite pipe specimens produced with glass, carbon, and hybrid fibers at winding angles of ±25° and ±45°. The specimens were manufactured using the filament winding method and subjected to axial compression tests. Mechanical tests were conducted in accordance with the ASTM D695 standard, while fiber volume fractions were determined based on ASTM D3171 using the burn-off method at 600 °C in a muffle furnace. The experimental results indicated that specimens with a ±25° winding angle exhibited higher compressive strength compared to those with a ±45° angle. Carbon fiber-reinforced composites showed high stiffness but exhibited brittle fracture behavior. In contrast, glass fiber specimens demonstrated more distributed matrix cracking and fiber-matrix debonding. Hybrid fiber composites exhibited a more balanced damage mode. Microscopic examinations revealed fiber breakage, matrix cracks, and interfacial separation in detail, while burn-off test data confirmed a direct correlation between fiber orientation and fiber content. The findings of the study emphasize that parameters such as winding angle and fiber type significantly influence the mechanical performance of composite structures. These results contribute to the design of lightweight, rigid, and durable composite systems, particularly for industrial applications such as aerospace and automotive industries.