Reduction of glass enamel application temperature by frit composition design

This study aimed to reduce the application temperature of glass enamel by frit composition design. Glass enamel coatings are widely used for their durability, aesthetic appearance and corrosion resistance. However, the lead oxide used in traditional methods carries environmental and health risks. Therefore, the study investigated compositions to replace lead oxide using alternative materials that do not harm the environment and health. The focus of the study is to reduce the melting temperature by increasing the proportion of boron oxide (B2O3) and decreasing the proportion of zinc oxide (ZnO) in the frit composition. Different frit compositions applied on soda lime glass were evaluated using thermal analysis techniques. Thermal properties were determined by glass transition temperature (Tg) and softening temperature (Ts), chemical resistance and surface gloss tests were performed. The results showed that Tg and Ts values decreased with increasing B2O3 content, chemical resistance decreased but scratch resistance increased. Chemical resistance tests revealed the negative effect of decreasing ZnO on resistance, with samples exhibiting low resistance, especially in acidic environments. This study provides important data in terms of reducing energy consumption and increasing production efficiency in glass enamel coating processes. The findings will provide important steps towards the development of environmentally friendly and energy efficient glass enamel coatings. Optimization of industrial production processes has great potential for reducing energy costs and implementing sustainable production policies.